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Business Studies Part 2 · Class XII · CBSE Units 9–12 · 30 of the 80 theory marks
Part 1 ended with the manager controlling a firm that already exists. Part 2 asks the two questions that keep it existing: where does the money come from and where does it go (Chapters 9–10), and how does the firm reach the person who will buy from it (Chapters 11–12). Chapter 9 is the firm looking outward for finance; Chapter 10 is the market looking back. Chapter 11 is the firm reaching the consumer; Chapter 12 is the consumer's protection when it reaches them badly.
The concept, role and objective — wealth maximisation, not profit maximisation · the three financial decisions, investment, financing and dividend, with the factors affecting each · financial planning · capital structure and trading on equity, worked with actual rupee figures · fixed and working capital and what determines how much of each a firm needs.
The concept and the allocative function · money market and its instruments · capital market, and the primary and secondary markets drawn as the two halves of one share's life · the stock exchange, its functions and the trading procedure with demat and depositories · SEBI — its objectives and its three families of functions.
Marketing vs selling · the marketing management philosophies from the production concept to the societal marketing concept · the functions of marketing · the marketing mix — product with branding, labelling and packaging · price and what determines it · place, physical distribution and the four channel levels drawn · promotion and the four elements of the promotion mix.
Why consumer protection matters, from the consumer's side and the business's · the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 — who counts as a consumer, the six consumer rights and the consumer's responsibilities · who may file a complaint and where · the three-tier redressal machinery with its current pecuniary limits · the CCPA, product liability and mediation · the role of consumer organisations and NGOs.